Counselling, in different forms and with different interpretations, has existed in societies for a long time. People in all societies, and at all times, have experienced emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. In each culture, there have been well established ways and methods of helping individuals with problems.

The traditional social helping mechanism worked on the principle of giving advice and information: normally, by known and trusted individuals within the community. In contrast, the professional counselling service is provided by individuals who are recognized as being qualified to provide that service.