Financial mathematics comprises the branch of applied mathematics concerned with the financial markets. It has a close relationship with the discipline of financial economics which is concerned with much the underlying theory.

Generally, financial mathematics will derive and extend the mathematical or numerical models suggested by financial economics. Thus, for example, while a financial economist might study the structural reasons why a company my have a certain share piece, a financial mathematician may take the share price, as a given and attempt to use stochastic calculus to obtain the fair value of derivatives of the stock.